Amazon and Google are under investigation over concerns they are failing to protect shoppers from fake online reviews.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) is launching a formal probe into whether the companies may have broken consumer law.
It follows an initial investigation last year when the CMA examined if online firms were protecting consumers.
The CMA said this raised specific concerns about Amazon and Google.
In particular, the CMA said it was worried over whether the companies have been “doing enough” to “detect fake and misleading reviews or suspicious patterns of behaviour”.
This includes where the same users “have reviewed the same range of products or businesses at similar times to each other and there is no connection between those products or businesses or where the review suggests that the reviewer has received a payment or other incentive to write a positive review”.
The CMA is also examining whether Google and Amazon investigate and remove fake and misleading reviews promptly, as well as looking into what sanctions the companies place on users.
The watchdog said that if it discovered the companies had broken consumer protection law, it could take enforcement action.
This could include securing formal commitments from Amazon and Google to change the way they deal with fake reviews, but it could escalate “to court action if needed”.
But it said: “The CMA has not reached a view on whether Amazon and Google have broken the law at this stage.”
Online shopping has soared during the Covid pandemic as retailers deemed as “non-essential” have been forced to close physical shops during periods of lockdown.
“Our worry is that millions of online shoppers could be misled by reading fake reviews and then spending their money based on those recommendations,” said CMA chief executive Andrea Coscelli.
“Equally, it’s simply not fair if some businesses can fake five-star reviews to give their products or services the most prominence, while law-abiding businesses lose out.
“It’s important that these tech platforms take responsibility and we stand ready to take action if we find that they are not doing enough.”
The CMA said it was also concerned that Amazon’s systems “have been failing adequately to prevent and deter some sellers from manipulating product listings, for example, by co-opting positive reviews from other products”.
A spokesman for Amazon said the company devoted “significant resources to preventing fake or incentivised reviews from appearing in our store”.
“We will continue to assist the CMA with its enquiries and we note its confirmation that no findings have been made against our business.”
A report published earlier year this by consumer group Which? discovered an industry that specialises in providing companies with fake reviews in exchange for money or products.
It found that one of these companies had 62,000 reviewers globally and charged sellers on Amazon Marketplace around £13 for a review. It also did bulk deals where a seller could spend £620 for 50 reviews or £8,000 for 1,000 reviews.
